THE KNOWN, THE UNKNOWN AND THE FUTURE OF FIREFLIES IN MALAYSIA

Fireflies are bioluminescent beetles that include over 2,600 species worldwide. Recent studies focused on their diversity, evolution, behaviour, and conservation have greatly enhanced our understanding of these intriguing insects. In this chapter, we provide an overview of both established and new contributions on firefly taxonomy and ecological diversity, with an emphasis on a recent action plan aimed at identifying and conserving threatened firefly species in Malaysia. We discuss the main threats contributing to the recent decline in firefly populations and outline risk factors that indicate which species may be particularly vulnerable. Although global efforts for firefly conservation are still in their early stages, significant progress has already been made on a national level. We consolidate the work undertaken by firefly specialists in Malaysia, presenting a historical timeline that maps out various firefly species in terms of their taxonomical classification and risk of extinction, and propose strategies for their conservation. Currently, there are over 60 firefly species in Malaysia, although the conservation status of many remains unknown due to a lack of data. Nevertheless, targeted surveys and community science initiatives have yielded valuable new insights. To wrap up, we present several successful case studies that highlight new species discoveries, species assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and coordinated planning efforts towards a conservation action plan for mangrove fireflies.
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DR. WAN FARIDAH AKMAL JUSOH

School of Science, Monash University Malaysia

Dr. Wan Faridah Akmal Jusoh is a Senior Lecturer in Biodiversity & Conservation and Honours Program Director (Malaysia) at School of Science, Monash University Malaysia. Outside academia, she is a Co-chair of the Firefly Specialist Group which was established in 2018 by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC) with its primary mission to identify and help conserve threatened firefly species around the world. She also serves as Secretary for Fireflyers International Network (FIN) which supports global firefly research, education and advocacy for protection of fireflies.